Effect of Substance Abuse on Child Upbringing

Impact of Substance Abuse on Child Upbringing Requirement for Treatment Ladies with kids As per Miller (2001), the quantity of substance misuse treatment offices for moms with little youngsters is restricted and in this manner, usage of nearby outpatient programs is critical to meet their particular treatment needs. Substance misuse treatment for single parents is given a lower significance than the adequate arrangement of their youngsters as far as wellbeing and physical needs (Miller, 2001). Treatment of substance misuse and anticipation of lifetime backslide requires different methodologies (Miller, 2001). As indicated by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (as refered to in Miller, 2001), more than 33% of females who mishandled tranquilize have experienced significant burdensome scenes and demonstrated manifestations of emotional well-being issues. In this manner, ladies who are manhandling substance are bound to experienced psychological wellness issues too. Then again, there is a high chance that they will wind up turning into the casualties of abusi ve behavior at home or experience accomplice viciousness (Miller, 2001). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (as refered to in Miller, 2001) expressed that when issues in regards to aggressive behavior at home neglected to be tended to, it will meddle with the viability of treatment and might prompt backslide. In addition, the high pace of ladies including in the lawful framework is additionally connected with substance misuse (Miller, 2001). Besides, ladies who are engaged with substance misuse need child rearing aptitudes, overcompensate with brutal order or disregarding their kids because of their past involvement in same useless family designs during their youth years (Miller, 2001). By looking from the social learning point of view, this implies they are ignorant that their youngsters are considering them to be good example and might follow their strides in mishandling substance. Requirement for treatment achievement So as to accomplish fruitful investment in substance misuse treatment, the different needs of patients should be known. Mill operator (2001) expressed that mother with little youngsters may have the option to concentrate on her fixation after essential needs, for example, food, haven, and water of the family were tended to. Subsequently, if any of the necessities are influenced, it might make the mother surrender the continuous treatment. Other than that, all together for the treatment to be fruitful, customers must accept or have a positive discernment towards the treatment that it will assist them with easing their habit. Catalano, Ashery, Robertson, and Kumfer (as refered to in Miller, 2001), found that including child rearing project to customers in substance misuse treatment will fundamentally diminish the odds of backslide after treatment other than improving protection in light of the fact that these customers accept that having great child rearing aptitudes is significant. Mill operator (2001) called attention to a few stages that can guarantee a fruitful treatment program. One of it is to expel participation obstructions by allowing moms to bring along their youngsters to take an interest in the treatment program. Other than that, giving kid care, preparing abilities for kids, and information on substance misuse will clear a path for the distinguishing proof of their enthusiastic and social issues. Moreover, giving child rearing abilities preparing and bolster administrations will help moms with little youngsters to expand their confidence. As indicated by Miller (2001), he expressed that subsidizing premise is critical to create and extend substance misuse treatment program so as to advance and support better solidness in families by helping moms to manage their compulsion while simultaneously to improve as a parent to the kids. Among youngster government assistance cases in which guardians are having substance misuse is attendant with expanding paces of kid re-exploitation, higher chance of out-of-home arrangement, longer position in care, and higher paces of kid reception and parental rights end (Kaufman Oliveros, n.d.). In this way, it is essential to concentrate on a few needs and factors other than tending to treatment boundaries to guarantee the achievement of treatment finishing. One of the approaches to guarantee treatment culmination is with the presentation of Family Treatment Drug Courts (FTDC). As indicated by Kaufman and Oliveros (n.d.), a few investigations on FTDCs found that they are related with a superior substance misuse treatment inception, lengthier remain in treatment, lesser days in out-of-home position for kids, higher recurrence of family reunification, and higher odds of treatment fruition. Kaufman and Oliveros (n.d.) kept on expressing that guardians who went to FTDC and have finis hed the treatment snappier have very nearly 90 percent possibility of reunification and have their kids returned. An investigation found in crafted by Kaufman and Oliveros (n.d.) recommended that it is essential to work with more distant family and characteristic backings to improve permanency results for youngsters. Making cross-framework coordinated efforts and setting a substance misuse authority in youngster government assistance foundations is by all accounts a viable system for expanding admission rates (Kaufman Oliveros, n.d.). Persuasive Interviewing (MI), an individual focused and community oriented type of directing that animates and fortifies inspiration for change is an amazingly successful way to deal with improve treatment commencement and culmination too increment treatment passage among substance abuser (Kaufman Oliveros, n.d.). Besides, substance misuse treatment inception can be improved by effort and commitment methodologies (Kaufman Oliveros, n.d.). Effort and commitment procedures are additionally successful at expanding substance misuse treatment finishing rates when utilized with FTDC (Kaufman Oliveros, n.d.). Then again, today, FTDC and the recently evolved locally established treatment intercession for substance misuse appear to be the most encouraging treatment program t o improve treatment results (Kaufman Oliveros, n.d.). Locally established substance misuse treatment program has a bit of leeway of managing destitution related treatment hindrances by carrying the program to the individuals who can't stand to get to other substance misuse treatment programs. Treatment moves toward that are conveyed must underline on decreasing the side effect as well as increment natural security and improve social working (Belcher, Briggs, Suarez, Titus, 2012). So as to make treatment progress, auxiliary assets that help securities among suppliers must be created or improved to sustain increasingly coordinated assistance parts (Belcher et al., 2012). Treatment administrations must be completely incorporated after changes are actualized over the entire framework as opposed to inside individual treatment programs (Belcher et al., 2012). Berlin (2002) expressed four principle normal worries that each treatment ought to have. The main concern is that treatment must be multi-dimensional and extensive by recognizing various areas. Treatment should likewise incorporate assets or access to administrations. Next, family treatment must be incorporated to upgrade correspondence among relatives other than improving parental and direction abilities. The last concern is that after-care must be remembered for request to keep backslide from happening. Squeezing Problems Guardians who misuse substance are related with the huge increment danger of kid abuse and it is much of the time under announced by kid defensive administrations (Bellettiere, Chuang, Cross, Wells, 2013). Family working and the prosperity of youngsters are likewise in danger when guardians misuse medications and liquor (Bellettiere et al., 2013). Other than that, there is a high chance that parental figures who misuse substance will connect with wellbeing hazard practices and abuse the youngsters in their consideration (Bellettiere et al., 2013). Then again, the offspring of guardians who misuse liquor and medications will most likely experience issues regarding their feeling and conduct just as develop their own substance maltreatment in their later phase of puberty and early adulthood (Bellettiere et al., 2013). Various expensive and disturbing social issues can be related legitimately to medicate reliance. Ongoing examinations evaluated that the United States government needs to spend around 67 billion dollars every year in wrongdoing, low efficiency of work, child care, and other social issues brought about by sedate reliance (Kleber, Lewis, McLellan, O’Brien, 2000). Volkow and partners (as refered to in Kleber et al., 2000) found that the dopamine arrangement of people who keep away from utilizing cocaine was impeded three months after their last use. Different examinations (as refered to in Kleber et al., 2000) found that there was continued varieties in the pressure reaction framework after previous substance clients keep away from utilizing sedative or cocaine. The reaction of experiencing an individual or something that is prior related with tranquilize utilize that may make molded physiological responses and needing for the medication can consolidate to deliver the sentiment o f loss of control (Kleber et al., 2000). The backslide frequencies which were accounted for to be high are an away from of the adverse support that liquor and medications have on individuals (Berlin, 2002). Liquor causes in excess of 150,000 passings every year and liquor slaughters a bigger number of Americans contrasted with different medications other than tobacco which caused 440,000 passings yearly (Wu, 2005). Liquor utilization negatively affects the focal sensory system and mind that will cause the individuals who expend liquor to be forceful and take part in hazard taking practices (Wu, 2005). National Institute on Drug Abuse (as refered to in Wu, 2005) expressed that pot may instigate disability of transient memory, capacity to focus, judgment abilities, coordination and parity, learning aptitudes, and other intellectual capacities. The withdrawal manifestations of pot incorporate peevishness, eagerness, diminished craving, sleep deprivation, tremor, chills, and expanded internal heat level (Fisher Harrison, 2013). Other than that, cocain

Walt Whitman and the Civil War

Walt Whitman and the Civil War The writer Walt Whitman expounded on the Civil War extensively. His sincere perception of life in wartime Washington advanced into sonnets, and he additionally composed articles for papers and various scratch pad passages just distributed decades later. He had worked for quite a long time as a writer, yet Whitman didn't coverâ the struggle as a normal paper reporter. His job as an observer to the contention was impromptu. At the point when a paper setback list showed that his sibling serving in a New York regiment had been injured in late 1862, Whitman headed out to Virginia to discover him. Whitmans sibling George had just been marginally injured. In any case, the experience of seeing armed force emergency clinics established a profound connection, and Whitman felt constrained to move from Brooklyn to Washington to get engaged with the Union war exertion as a medical clinic volunteer. In the wake of making sure about a vocation as an administration agent, Whitman spent his off the clock hours visiting medical clinic wards loaded up with fighters, encouraging the injured and the wiped out. In Washington, Whitman was additionally impeccably situated to watch the functions of the administration, developments of troops, and the day by day comings and goings of a man he enormously respected, President Abraham Lincoln. On occasion Whitman would contribute articles to papers, for example, a nitty gritty report of the scene at Lincoln’s second debut address. In any case, Whitman’s experience as an observer to the war was for the most part significant as a motivation for verse. An assortment of sonnets titled Drum Taps, was distributed after the war as a book. The sonnets contained in it at last showed up as an informative supplement to later versions of Whitmans perfect work of art, Leaves of Grass. Family Ties to the War During the 1840s and 1850s, Whitman had been following legislative issues in America intently. Filling in as a writer in New York City, he no uncertainty followed the national discussion over the best issue of the time, servitude. Whitman turned into a supporter of Lincoln during the 1860 presidential battle. He likewise observed Lincoln talk from a lodging window in mid 1861, when the duly elected president went through New York City while in transit to his first introduction. At the point when Fort Sumter was assaulted in April 1861 Whitman was offended. In 1861, when Lincoln called for volunteers to protect the Union, Whitman’s sibling George enrolled in the 51st New York Volunteer Infantry. He would serve for the whole war, in the long run procuring an officer’s rank, and would battle at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and different fights. Following the butcher at Fredericksburg, Walt Whitman was perusing setback reports in the New York Tribune and saw what he accepted to be an incorrectly spelled rendering of his brother’s name. Expecting that George had been injured, Whitman ventured out southward to Washington. Incapable to discover his sibling at military clinics where he asked, he ventured out to the front in Virginia, where he found that George had just been marginally injured. While at Falmouth, Virginia, Walt Whitman saw an alarming sight close to a field clinic, a heap of cut away appendages. He came to identify with the extreme enduring of injured officers, and during about fourteen days in December 1862, he spent visiting his sibling he set out to start helping in military emergency clinics. Work as a Civil War Nurse Wartime Washington contained various military clinics which took in a great many injured and sick officers. Whitman moved to the city in mid 1863, accepting a vocation as an administration agent. He started getting out and about in medical clinics, reassuring the patients and circulating composing paper, papers, and treats, for example, leafy foods. From 1863 to the spring of 1865 Whitman invested energy with hundreds, if not thousands, of troopers. He helped them compose letters home. Furthermore, he composed numerous letters to his companions and family members about his encounters. Whitman later said that being around the enduring fighters had been gainful to him, as it some way or another reestablished his own confidence in humankind. Huge numbers of the thoughts in his verse, about the honorability of ordinary citizens, and the majority rule beliefs of America, he saw reflected in the injured troopers who had been ranchers and assembly line laborers. Notices in Poetry The verse Whitman composed had consistently been enlivened by the changing scene around him, thus his observer experience of the Civil War normally started to imbue new sonnets. Prior to the war, he had given three releases of Leaves of Grass. In any case, he wanted to give an altogether new book of sonnets, which he called Drum Taps. The printing of Drum Taps started in New York City in the spring of 1865, as the war was slowing down. Be that as it may, at that point the assassinationâ of Abraham Lincoln incited Whitman to delay distribution so he could incorporate material about Lincoln and his passing. In the mid year of 1865, after the war’s end, he composed two sonnets enlivened by Lincoln’s demise, â€Å"When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d† and â€Å"O Captain! My Captain!† Both sonnets were remembered for Drum Taps, which was distributed in the fall of 1865. The sum of Drum Taps was added to later versions of Leaves of Grass.

Basic Concepts of Effective Communication

Goals: * Describe the idea of correspondence in science and innovation; * Understand the significant procedure of correspondence; * Explain the segments of correspondence; * Overcome their troubles in correspondence; * Consider the most describable qualities of a compelling style for specialized composition; and * Compare and complexity specialized composition from nontechnical composition. The idea of Communication originates from the Latin word con-importance with, munus-meaning a business, communis meaning normal, and commonico-to consult or to relate with one another.In layman’s language, correspondence exudes from the need to share thoughts or data starting with one individual then onto the next by the utilization of images, for example, words, pictures, figures and charts. Normal Concepts about Communication Different specialists have basic ideas about correspondence. A portion of these are available hereunder. * Communication is a purposive movement which is provoked by need to communicate thoughts, sentiments, demeanor and game-plan to accomplish a foreordained objective * Communication is the way toward passing on and trading realities, thoughts, and research results.Communication is a two-way process which involves a communicator and a collector. * Communication is a proceeding with process which Is intelligent. * Communication develops in light of the various capacities and settings that it calls for. Be it oral or composed, individuals impart to ask and give data clarify something, concur or contend with others, describe or depict an occasion, report an achievement, etc. * Communication is required when ongoing disclosures, creations and advancements in science and innovation are to be disseminated.Its significance is likewise felt when relevant data ought to be bestowed through letters, reports and memoranda. Individuals are essentially social creatures. They need to interface to accomplish a shared objective. In this manner, utilization of language to impart their thoughts, sentiments and emotions is obviously inescapable. In correspondence, the handy utilization of language can promptly impact the assessment convictions, qualities and practices of the individuals from an association. Especially, the utilization of basic, compact and precise language in giving guidelines in a specific industry or firm can encourage common comprehension between and among representative and employers.Effective correspondence is one of the determiners of accomplishment in any association. It is a basic instrument in actualizing the objectives and targets of an organization. It fills in as an apparatus in dynamic , giving perpetual record, data through and through degree of the executives, and so forth. Thusly, it assumes a significant job in the operational effectiveness of a structure. Composed correspondence, detail reports, could be considered as the prime instrument by which specialized men and representatives transmit their messages to activity. In like manner, employments to be done in any firm or association are officially mentioned through communication.Findings of looks into are known through oral and composed correspondence. Oral introduction of reports is normally done in top-level administration gatherings. Think about the accompanying delineations: * toward the beginning of the day, the designer tunes in to the climate bureau’s conjecture for the day over the proportion. * For a board conversation, the PC specialist presents through Powerpoint each detail of the researcher’s report. * A Veterinary Medicine sophomore composes an exploration paper on â€Å"The Effects of Rabies on Humans†. Each of the previously mentioned circumstances delineates the call for communication.The individual, in every one of the models refered to, enters the normal, shared universe of other people. Beside oral and composed correspondence, there are different methods for correspondence like outward appear ances, Gestures, gestures, signal, blemishes on paper, electric information and others. In any case, the crude materials of language are the sounds made by the human voice and the composed examples that are shaped from with them. The Process of Communication The pattern of correspondence, as indicated by Eugene White , can likewise be applied in oral correspondence for science and technology.This is normally done in introducing/detailing intermittent exercises during gatherings with top administration. The presentor will experience eight phases: thinking, representing, communicating, transmitting, accepting, deciphering, responding and observing. The speaker will consider what data will be given to the crowd. These thoughts which will be changed into words and sentences will be communicated to the audience members through a composed report. Such will influence the beneficiary by means of sound waves. As the message is sent, the reciever’s mind begins interpreting the informat ion.The estimation of the data to the audience/collector and the lucidity of introduction will influence the responses. Monitoring the audience’s response, the presentor and finishes with his checking exercises. Segments of the Communication Process The correspondence procedure comprises of the accompanying parts: A. Correspondence Situation-the specific setting by which a need to tell something emerges; B. Communicator-the supplier of the data; C. Medium-this comprise of oral and composed methods of correspondence; D. Data the message that will be conferred to a specific crowd and; E.Receiver-the peruser or audience of the data Reports in Communication Process The correspondence procedure comprises of the accompanying segments: A. Correspondence Situation-the specific setting by which a need to tell something emerges. B. Communicator-the supplier of the data. C. Medium-this comprises of oral and composed methods of correspondence. D. Data the message that will be conferred t o a specific crowd. E. Collector the peruser or audience of the data. Reports in the Communication Process How do reports fit into the correspondence procedure? It requires at least two people to communicate.In the instance of predominant subordinate relationship, correspondence ordinarily exudes from the previous on the off chance that he/she needs a specific game-plan to be finished. The subordinate, who is the report essayist, will research and assemble realities in satisfaction of the task provide for him. In the event that the manager is happy with the data given, the correspondence procedure will stop incidentally. However, in the event that it doesn't fulfill his guidelines, extra work will be requested. Consequently, the procedure of correspondence will begin once more. In aggregate, correspondence process is unsending-it’s a proceeding process.Suppose the author built up a depiction of the three marvels, across the board section. The passage would run very long. Rath er than one long section, compose three shorter ones, one on every marvel with the goal that the material can be isolated into little units. The style which is portrayed by objectivity exactness and compactness ought to be used to speak with individuals who have a place with particular callings. Model: Operation was turning out to be uneconomical both work and full expenses were more than what had been envisioned. - Adapted The word activity has various implications to various people.In this case, it implies a military activity or mission. The logical style of composing utilizes the third individual and the uninvolved voice for a generic methodology recorded as a hard copy. On the off chance that conceivable, abstain from utilizing â€Å"I† which will just prompt subjectivity. Specialized composing is worried about the activity being done and not the individual who has done activity. This idea doesn't infer that the utilization of individual pronouns and action words in the d ynamic voice is incorrect. Be that as it may, the adjustment of such will likewise make another style of composing. Model: Set up the testing gear in the research center and run three tests before I read the ends expressed in this report. First Person, Singular, Active Voice) The testing hardware was set up in the research center and three tests were run before the ends expressed in this report. (Third Person, Passive Voice)- Adapted The subsequent model is the style usually found in specialized reports. Characteristics of Good and Effective Scientific and Technical Style Some of the characteristics that could prompt a decent and compelling logical and specialized style are the accompanying : * Honesty about realities * Care in getting and assessing the realities * Accuracy in Presenting Data * Dignity and Restraint in Manner Objectivity in Analyzing and Interpreting Information Ways of Presenting Information Different organizations have fluctuated methods of introducing data. Some keep standard organizations and others embrace their own arrangement. This indicates every specialized essayist must think about the typical act of a specific organization and the desire for the recipient of the message. Henceforth, the utilization of formal or casual style is reliant upon setting. Individual correspondence between business partners or close companions requires a Personal Writing Style while significant reports which are submitted to top administration are generally Impersonal in Style.It requires the organization of a report. Imperatives of a Technical Style coming up next are the essentials of a specialized style recorded as a hard copy: Factual-alludes to the efficient introduction of realities and thoughts which could be accomplished through cautious arranging. Useful gives appropriate data and doesn't entertain or contend with any other individual. Useful passes on realities and data. Without objective from predispositions and partialities, individual convictio ns, feelings and perspectives. Solidness equivalent to definiteness, in this way speculations ought to be upheld by solid realities or evidences.Consistency-the move of tense and perspective in introducing a report will prompt irregularity. Moving of such will influence the character of the essayist and his style also. For long and formal reports, it is smarter to utilize the third individual reliably. Nobility is accomplished when the author maintains a strategic distance from casual/slang articulations and withdrawals. Straightforwardness basic and natural words are

Megalo-mnemonical SAT Vocab Words that Sound like Food

It’s too bad that you’re not allowed to eat during the SAT, right? Okay, so maybe four hours isn’t exactly an eternity to go without food, especially when you can (and should) have a little snack during the breaks, but it’d be nice to have a more relaxed atmosphere like that. Anyway, if you’re hungry, you might start seeing food everywhere—including in the vocabulary the test throws at you. Kudos The food: Kudos is a brand of granola bar that likes to wear candy bar clothes. By that, I mean that they’re covered in chocolate, mm’s, and peanuts, depending on the kind you get. My mom used to put these in my lunch as a â€Å"dessert,† and I always felt a bit cheated. Granola in a candy bar? Pshh. The SAT word: Kudos is praise. If you’ve heard it, it was probably used as an exclamation to mean the same thing as â€Å"Congrats.† It can also be used in sentences, though. The mnemonic: After his promotion, he got a lot of kudos from his coworkers in the form of Kudos bars. Relish The food: No need for an introduction. Even if you’re not a relish user, you have to admit that it really makes a nice array of colors along with ketchup and mustard. (Also, can we talk about how weird it is that Amazon sells hot dog condiments?) The SAT word: If you do something â€Å"with relish,† then you’re really enjoying yourself while you do it. It’s also a verb—to relish—meaning pretty much the same thing: to enjoy doing something. So if I say â€Å"I took the first sip of my hot chocolate with relish,† I don’t mean that I’m putting pickle sauce into my Swiss Miss. The mnemonic: I never relish hot dogs as much as I do when they’re topped with relish. Canny The food: I don’t actually mean that cans are food, clearly. But they hold food. Close enough. The SAT word: You could tie this one in with prudent from our old-people mnemonics, if you wanted. Canny also means cautious and, at times, cheap. A canny shopper never spends more than they should. But you can also be a canny test-taker if you follow the right SAT strategies at the right times. The mnemonic: Doomsayers thought they were being canny as they stocked up on cans in December of 2012. Sure, these may not be the most common SAT words, but hopefully the mnemonics help you remember a little more than your typical SAT vocabulary flashcards.

Dividend Payout Within Consumer Products Industry In Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1279 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Industry Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT There is a large volume of work in the area of dividend payout policy across many developed countries (Gugler, 2003; Kallapur, 2004; Ferris et al., 2006; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008; Engsted and Pedersen, 2010). However, less work has been done in developing countries and researchers have started to study the dividend policy, as well as the behaviour of the company within the countries (Pandey, 2003). In addition, studies that examine the dividend payout policy focus more on the general category (Kallapur, 2004; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dividend Payout Within Consumer Products Industry In Malaysia" essay for you Create order Limited work has been done in category based on industrial grouping (Ferris et al., 2006). As such, my study seeks to address the gap in literature review and thereby stresses on the dividend payout, in term of ratio and pattern of companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 2.1 RESEARCH QUESTION What is the trend of dividend payout in companies within consumer products industry in Malaysia? 2.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To identify the dividend payout ratio of the consumer products industry in Malaysia and its changes across years. To determine the percentage of companies paying dividend in the consumer products industry in Malaysia. To determine the dividend payout pattern of companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. To identify if there is a difference of dividend payout ratio within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 3.0 LITERATURE REVIEW (GAPS FILLED) There is vast literature in the area of dividend payout policy across countries including US (Gugler, 2003; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Eije and Megginson, 2008) and non-US such as EU countries (Eije and Megginson, 2008; Denis and Osobov, 2008; Engsted and Pedersen, 2010), Japan (Ferris et al., 2006; Denis and Osobov, 2008) and Taiwan (Kallapur, 2004). The finding shows that payout policy undergoes changes and fluctuates across year, especially in the recent year of 1992 to 2004 (Renneboog and Trojanowski, 2010). According to Kallapur (2004), many studies agree that dividend payout ratio is a signal indicating the firms future growth. Firms pay attention to the consistency of dividend payout as studies show that investors put premium on the firms with stable payout policy and firms are reluctant to cut dividend (Gugler, 2003). Besides, a study by Ferris et al. (2006) shows that firm with negative earning (negative growth) in UK is less likely to pay dividend. This is consistent with the finding that dividend payout ratio is related to the firms growth. Study by Gugler (2003) reports that large firms with good investment opportunity in US are less likely to pay high dividend to the investors. However, their payout is relatively more stable and they are rarely cut down on the dividend (Allen and Michaely, 1995). Besides, study by Eije and Megginson (2008) shows that younger companies in EU are less likely to pay dividend and the payout is less than those older companies. According to Eije and Megginson (2008), dividend payout ratio has increased over years. They also report that the payout ratio in US has increased from year 1970 to year 2001, and the total dividend paid is increasing among firms in EU countries. From previous studies, Ferris et al. (2006) and Eije and Megginson (2008), find that the number of firms paying dividend in US is decreasing despite the increasing of dividend payout ratio across years. Eije and Megginson (2008) also report the same finding in EU firms and suggest that the dividend payout policies are quite similar between the two. According to Denis and Osobov (2008), the decreasing trend is driven by the failure of new listed firms to initiate payout when they are expected to do so. However, there is a contrast finding from the studies done in Taiwan and Japan. Study from Kallapur (2004) shows that dividend paying firms in Taiwan has actually increased since year 2000, while Ferris et al. (2006) reports that the percentage of firms paying dividend in Japan remains highly stable. Ferris et al. (2006) also suggests that the decreasing trend does not seem to affect Japanese firms. This is an interesting area that worth for study, especially in developing country such as Malaysia. Horngren et al. (2008) notes that dividend payout ratio different across industries and it is commonly used to compare companies in the same industry. However, there is limited work done specifically within an industry (Ferr is et al., 2006). According to International Business Center (2010), consumer products industry plays a major role in the world economy as it acts as a driver for other industries. Besides, it reports that consumer products industry contributes to the two-thirds of the world trade volume and accounts for significant portion of the gross domestic product (GDP) in many countries. As such, my study would stress on the dividend payout, in term of the ratio and pattern, of consumer products industry in Malaysia. 4.0 METHODOLOGY The methodology that will be applied has been chosen in order to obtain data and compare the dividend payout, in terms of ratio and pattern, within consumer products industry in Malaysia. 4.1 DATA COLLECTION For the purpose of this study, data will be collected using the secondary source. Annual report of respective company will be obtained from the link given in the Bursa Malaysia website. 4.2 SAMPLING FRAME The sampling frame for this study would be the public listed companies in Malaysia. The list can be obtained from Bursa Malaysia or The Star website. 4.3 SAMPLING STRATEGY For the purpose of this study, non probability purposive sampling is selected. As the study only focus on one industry, and 5 years data is assumed to show a general trend of the dividend payout, thus the sample chosen need to meet the following criteria, Companies that fall under the consumer products industry. Companies with at least 5 years of annual report available on the company website. By searching through the companies website, only 89 out of 142 companies in consumer products industry fulfill the mentioned above criteria (as in Appendix 2). 4.4 DATA ANALYSIS In this study, hybrid method (both quantitative and qualitative) will be used to analyze the data. Generally, it can be divided into 3 parts as following, For dividend payout ratio, percentage of firms paying dividend and the percentage of company using certain payout pattern, SPSS (descriptive statistic) will be used. To determine if there is a difference of dividend payout ratio among companies within the industry, SPSS (One-Sample T-Test) can be carried out as the sample size is more than 30. Yearly dividend payout ratio obtained from a) will be used as the test value in SPSS. To determine the trend of dividend payout, in term of ratio and pattern across years, qualitative method will be used as it involves more on the interpretation of data. 4.5 ROLE OF THEORY In this study, the role of theory would be theory generation. It involves the new finding of dividend payout ratio, as well as the payout pattern among companies within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 5.0 CONTRIBUTION EXPECTED It is intended that the finding of this study will give a clearer picture of the dividend payout in consumer products industry as it is the major contributor to the countrys economic. Besides, it can be used by potential investors that desire a certain cash flow (dividend) instead of incurring transaction cost from periodically selling shares of stock. Last but not least, it seeks to provide a better understanding for Chief Financial Officer (CFO) towards the dividend payout ratio and its pattern within the consumer products industry in Malaysia. 6.0 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES Due to time constraint and limited information that is available on the website, only 5 years of annual report is obtained for this study. Thus, it is suggested that a longer time series of data, for example 10 years should be taken in future to provide a better understanding of the dividend payout in Malaysia. Besides, future researchers can study on other industries and ultimately compare the dividend payout ratio and its pattern across all industries in Malaysia.

Democracy And Its Critics By Robert Dahl - 1947 Words

In order to answer the question â€Å"Can we have too many rights?† There are many things that we must consider, first we must be able to define exactly what rights are, how they work and what they do for citizens and then further into Political and civil rights in the same way as both are essential to the structure of a democracy and play very important roles in enabling citizens to take part in politics and help structure their democracy into something that is for the better. We will also closely examine Robert Dahl, Democracy and its Critics, by first going into a brief description of his opinions in chapters 12 and 13 relating to democracy and how rights affect it. Finally we will deconstruct that argument and find the weaknesses and strengths of his said opinion and come to a conclusion to our original question â€Å"Can we have too many rights† In order to fully answer the question we must be able to fully define rights and discover how they relate and help democracy. Rights can be broken down into a number of sub categories and in this essay we will discuss the meaning of Civil and political rights but first and fore most â€Å"rights† are a number of civil, juridical and ethical rights of entitlement or liberty and are a set of regulating rules that allow people entitlement or to be owed to them. Rights are fundamental to many disciplines such as law and ethics. Civil and political rights are a branch of rights in which we will discuss, Civil and political rights are used toShow MoreRelatedDemocratic Governance Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most popular topics â€Å"Democracy† discussed and analyzed from the point of theoretical aspect, contemporary research, and application aspect. Objectives This Knowledge Area Module (KAM) looks at democratic governance. This breadth component begins by discussing the theoretical characteristic of democracy. 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Peer Evaluation Speech free essay sample

Travel Log Peer Evaluation I chose to do my peer evaluation on Jessica. Her speech really stood out to me above the others and that is why I chose to do my evaluation on her. Her speech was about her trip to the Rivera Maya. She started her speech with an awesome introduction explaining that the reason for her trip to the Rivera Maya was that she had just got married and was going on her honeymoon. The content of Jessica’s speech was very organized. She explained her trip chronology from the first day she arrived in the Rivera Maya to her last day there. She used clarity throughout her speech but there were a few parts where she stuttered her words. Jessica used a lot of imagery throughout her speech and especially when she talked about her arrival to her hotel. She talked about the look of the hotel and described what she saw when she entered the pool area. We will write a custom essay sample on Peer Evaluation Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But, I think the most descriptive part of her speech was when she described the towels on her bed that were made into swans and surrounded with rose petals on her bed. Jessica had good word choices that caused an â€Å"Awww† reaction out of me and a couple other people listening to her speech. She used the words in her conclusion very well so that she left me thinking I wish I could have gone on her trip with her. Jessica’s verbal delivery of her speech was very good. She was fluent throughout her whole speech. She didn’t have any vocalized pauses in the middle of her speech but she did at the beginning and end. I think that her tone was very appropriate for her speech. She was excited when she was explaining her trip so I could tell that it was a place that she actually enjoyed. The rate of Jessica’s speech was a little too fast but I was able to understand her clearly still. She also included transitions when they were necessary to enhance her speech. Jessica had an overall good nonverbal delivery. She used a lot of face expressions that showed how much she liked her trip to the Rivera Maya. She held her note cards with both hands most of the time and she threw in a couple hand motions. I think it would have been better if she would have done more hand motions that way it would help to really enhance her speech and help explain the details better. Her eye contact was good but she could have looked more at her audience. At some parts of her speech, it seemed like she was reading her note cards. Jessica had good posture but I noticed that she was swaying back and forth with her body and that distracted me from her speech. From her description of the Rivera Maya, I would definitely like to go there. She used a lot of enthusiasm so I could tell it was something she enjoyed. She described it in a way that now I want to take a vacation to the Rivera Maya.